Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies

被引:578
作者
Clutton-Brock, Tim [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB3 9EJ, England
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
LONG-TAILED MACAQUES; RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM; KIN SELECTION; GROOMING RECIPROCITY; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; EVOLUTION; MUTUALISM; BEHAVIOR; STRATEGIES; PUNISHMENT;
D O I
10.1038/nature08366
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation.
引用
收藏
页码:51 / 57
页数:7
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