Block copolymer-templated nanocomposite electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries

A self-organizing, nanocomposite electrode (SONE) system was developed as a model lithium alloy-based anode for rechargeable lithium batteries. In situ X-ray adsorption spectroscopy, galvanostatic testing, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the electrode, which was fabricated from a polyethylene oxide-based block copolymer, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and gold salt. Processing involved a single mixing step without need of a reducing agent. It was found that thermodynamic self-assembly of the block copolymer could provide a template for incorporation of both the gold salt and nanotubes. Electrochemical testing and subsequent analysis showed that owing to the small particle size and the surrounding block copolymer matrix, the SONE system could cycle over 600 cycles with rates varying between C/1.8 and 8.8C with little evidence of decrepitation or coarsening. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.