Synthesis and properties of photosensitive polyimide-nanocrystalline titania optical thin films

In this study, synthesis, morphology, and properties of high refractive index photosensitive polyimide-nanocrystalline titania hybrid materials are reported. A soluble polyimide grafted with carboxylic acid or methacrylate groups (P1) was first synthesized from 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2HEMA). The residual carboxylic acid groups could undergo an esterification reaction with titanium butoxide to provide an organic-inorganic bonding. On the other hand, the grafted methacrylate groups rendered photosensitive property for photopatterning. A homogeneous hybrid solution was obtained through the formulation on different mole ratios of titanium butoxide/carboxylic acid, water/acid content in a mixed solvent. It was followed by spin-coating, photocuring and post-baking. The titania domain size in the hybrid materials analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was around 4-7 nm. The prepared optically transparent films had tunable refractive index (1.583 < n < 2.029), relatively good surface planarity and high thermal stability. A fine pattern with a line width of 50 mu m was produced by direct lithographic process on the hybrid films. The present study demonstrates a novel approach for preparing high refractive index hybrid photosensitive materials with patternability. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.