Retinal blood flow in diabetes

Objective: This is a review of work focused on characterizing retinal blood flow in diabetes. The review describes results on validation of the methodology for retinal blood flow measurements, the mechanisms of action of various of factors that contribute to abnormalities if retinal blood flow in diabetic rodent models, and the translation Of these results to clinical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of different different therapeutic agents in normalizing retinal blood flow abnormalities in patients with diabetes. Methods: Retinal blood flow measurements were performed using video fluorescein angiography, a methodology that is based on the measurement of fluorescein dye circulation times through retinal circulation Results: The results of a number of experiments are summarized, detailing the effects of hyperglycemia and the roles of factors such as Protein kinase C activation, endothelin-1 and endothelin-3, angiotensin- II, and nitric oxide in the development of retinal blood flow abnormalities in diabetes. Conclusion: The measurement of retinal blood flow, both in animals and in clinical trials using the same retinal blood flow measurement methodology can provide a valuable method of quantitation allowing characterization of physiological effects and their association with metabolic alterations in diabetes and their effects on the development and incidence of microvasenlar complications.