Terbutaline prevents circulatory failure and mitigates mortality in rodents with endotoxemia

Septic shock is characterized by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Nevertheless, regional increases in vascular resistance can occur that may predispose mammals to organ dysfunction, including the acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the host infected by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), the expression and release of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) rapidly increases, and this cytokine production is regulated by agents elevating cyclic AMP. In this report, we present evidence that terbutaline, a beta(2)-agonist, inhibits TNF alpha production and enhances interleukin-10 (IL-10) release in the anesthetized rat treated with LPS, In addition, an overproduction of nitric oxide (NO, examined by its metabolites nitrite/nitrate) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS, examined by western blot analysis) is attenuated by pretreatment of LPS rats with terbutaline. Overall, pretreatment of rats with terbutaline attenuates the delayed hypotension and prevents vascular hyporeactivity to norepinephrine. In addition, pretreatment of mice with terbutaline also improves the survival in a model of severe endotoxemia. The infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into organs (e.g., lung and liver) from the surviving LPS mice treated with terbutaline was reduced almost to that seen in the normal controls. These findings suggest that the inhibition of TNF alpha and NO (via iNOS) production as well as the increment of IL-10 production contribute to the beneficial effect of terbutaline in animals with endotoxic shock.