Dendrimers - Branching out from curiosities into new technologies

Dendrimers are a relatively new class of macromolecule. Their highly branched, monodisperse structures lead to a number of interesting characteristics and features, including globular, void-containing shapes, somewhat unusual physical properties and simple syntheses. Recent advances have led to the development of a range of different methodologies for the syntheses of finely engineered dendritic structures, many of which incorporate functional moieties. This research is expected to yield applications in many areas, such as catalysis, pharmacology and materials science. After providing a brief historical perspective, this review covers the theories and concepts surrounding dendrimer syntheses without becoming an exhaustive catalogue of the literature. The unique properties of dendrimers are explained with the aid of pertinent examples, and a significant effort is made to examine the numerous applications that are beginning to emerge for these fascinating polymers.