Safety and effectiveness of methohexital for procedural sedation in the emergency department

Use of methohexital as an agent for moderate procedural sedation in the Emergency Department (ED) recently has increased. As a barbiturate, potential complications include respiratory and myocardial depression. We conducted a retrospective review of medical records and procedural flow charts for all use of methohexital in our ED during a 31-month period. We collected data on medication use, adjunctive medications, indications, procedural success, and complications. Overall, there were 114 orthopedic procedures performed using methohexital (mean dose of 1.43 mg/kg) for sedation on 104 patients. Procedures included shoulder dislocation reduction (26.3%), hip dislocation reduction (25.4%), elbow dislocation reduction (15.2%), and fracture reduction (25.4%). There was an 80.8% success rate with the first dose of methohexital. Complications occurred in 20.2% of patients and included oxygen desaturation, hypotension, hypoventilation, vomiting, tremor, and airway obstruction. All complications were transient and managed without sequelae. Use of concurrent parenteral opioid medications had no significant impact on success or complications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc.