Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism

被引:441
作者
Brown, Angus M. [1 ]
Ransom, Bruce R.
机构
[1] Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Sch Biomed Sci, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England
[2] Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
关键词
glycogen; astrocyte; glucose; lactate;
D O I
10.1002/glia.20557
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
The brain contains glycogen but at low concentration compared with liver and muscle. In the adult brain, glycogen is found predominately in astrocytes. Astrocyte glycogen content is modulated by a number of factors including some neurotransmitters and ambient glucose concentration. Compelling evidence indicates that astrocyte glycogen breaks down during hypoglycemia to lactate that is transferred to adjacent neurons or axons where it is used aerobically as fuel. In the case of CNS white matter, this source of energy can extend axon function for 20 min or longer. Likewise, during periods of intense neural activity when energy demand exceeds glucose supply, astrocyte glycogen is degraded to lactate, a portion of which is transferred to axons for fuel. Astrocyte glycogen, therefore, offers some protection against hypoglycemic neural injury and ensures that neurons and axons can maintain their function during very intense periods of activation. These emerging principles about the roles of astrocyte glycogen contradict the long held belief that this metabolic pool has little or no functional significance. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:1263 / 1271
页数:9
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