Insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, body composition, and clinical status interactions in children with cystic fibrosis

Background/Aims: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are of increased risk of reduced fat body mass (FBM) and lean body mass (LBM). Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin could be markers of LBM and/or FBM depletion. To evaluate the relationships between disease activity, body composition, IGF-1 and leptin concentrations in CF children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 26 CF children aged 5.0-15.5 years and 33 healthy controls, mean age 9.4 years. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for leptin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. Results: FBM standard deviation score (SDS; CF boys -0.02 +/- 0.88 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.65, p < 0.01; CF girls - 0.37 +/- 1.15 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.97, p < 0.05), leptin concentration (CF boys 2.07 +/- 0.79 vs. 3.07 +/- 1.28 ng/ml, p < 0.05; CF girls 2.71 +/- 0.86 vs. 5.00 +/- 2.95 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and IGF-1 SDS (CF boys -1.43 +/- 1.50 vs. -0.32 +/- 0.88, p < 0.05; CF girls - 0.66 +/- 1.66 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.57, p < 0.01) were lower in CF children compared to controls. Shwachman score was the strongest predictor of lean body mass (R = 0.63). Leptin levels explain 60% of the variability in FBM. Conclusion: Serum concentrations of IGF-1 and leptin are decreased in children with CF and are associated with clinical conditions and body composition.