Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings

被引：213

作者：

Avraham, Eli ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Haifa, Dept Commun, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel

来源：

TOURISM MANAGEMENT | 2015年 / 47卷

关键词：

Arab Spring; Crisis communication; Media strategies; Middle East; Tourism marketing; PUBLIC-RELATIONS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.003

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The Arab Spring uprisings received intensive coverage and had a negative effect on tourism to the Middle East. This study aimed to uncover media strategies used by Middle Eastern countries' marketers to restore a positive image in times of change and challenge and to bring back tourists, by analyzing marketing initiatives, media policy, crisis communication techniques and the components of advertising campaigns. Integrating theory and practice, and adopting the "multi-step model for altering place image," the study applied qualitative content analysis of advertisements, press interviews, and global tourism news websites. Three types of strategies were used by marketers to restore a positive image: source, message and audience. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：224 / 232

页数：9

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