FNR-dependent activation of the Escherichia coli K-12 nrf promoter is downregulated by the nitric oxide-sensitive NsrR protein together with the nucleoid-associated protein IHF, which bind to overlapping targets adjacent to the DNA site for FNR. The NsrR target is inactivated by mutation at the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium nrf promoter.