Marker-assisted backcross introgression of the Yd2 gene conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in barley

YLM, a codominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker linked to Yd2 , could substantially improve the precision and efficiency of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance breeding. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of YLM in a marker-assisted introgression programme and to quantify associations between the presence of Yd2 and other agronomic and quality traits. The Yd2 gene was introgressed into a BYDV-susceptible background through two cycles of marker-assisted backcrossing. BC2 F-2 -derived lines, either carrying or not carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance, were compared in the presence and absence of BYDV. The YLM marker was shown to be effective in the introgression of Yd2 . Lines carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance produced significantly fewer leaf symptoms and showed a reduction in yield loss when infected with BYDV. There were no deleterious effects associated with the introgression of Yd2 on grain yield, grain size or malting quality. The implications of marker-assisted selection for Yd2 on barley improvement are discussed.