Di- and tribromoindoles in the common oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

The sources/origins, fate and impacts of naturally occurring organobromine compounds in the marine environment are largely unknown. Soft tissue composites of the common oyster (Crassostrea virginica) collected from coastal Georgia (USA) were analyzed for organobromines by gas chromatography. Three simple bromoindoles (BIs)-two dibromo- and one tribromo congener-were detected and their molecular formulas elucidated by electron and negative chemical ionization GC-MS. Semi-quantitative estimates of BI concentrations in these samples using GC-ECD indicated that oysters sampled in November 1999 contained 5-10 times more BIs than those sampled in August 2000 and March 2001. Although their bromine substitution patterns are presently unknown, this first ever report of bromoindoles in C virginica, a prolific and important commercial and ecological species, underscores its potential utility as a bioindicator of organobromines in the coastal marine environment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.