Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (osteogenic protein-1, OP-1) and tooth development

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) form a family of growth factors originally isolated from extracellular bone matrix that are capable of inducing bone formation ectopically. We studied the expression, tissue localization, and function of BMP-7 (OP-1) during tooth development in rodents. Patterns of BMP-7 gene expression and peptide distribution indicated that BMP-7 was present in dental epithelium during the dental lamina, bud, and cap stages. During the bell stage, BMP-7 mRNA expression and protein distribution shifted from dental epithelium toward the dental mesenchyme. With advancing differentiation of odontoblasts, BMP-7 protein staining in the dental papilla became restricted to the layer of fully functional odontoblasts in the process of depositing (pre)dentin. Secretory stage ameloblasts exhibited weak immunostaining for BMP-7. A restricted pattern of staining in ameloblasts became apparent in post-secretory stages of amelogenesis. Also, cells of the forming periodontal ligament were immunopositive. Histological analysis of tooth development in neonatal BMP-7-deficient mice did not reveal obvious changes compared with wild-type mice. We conclude that, in developing dental tissues, BMP-7 has distribution and expression patterns similar to those of other BMP members but is not an essential growth factor for tooth development, possibly because of functional redundancy with other BMP members or related growth factors.