Hydrogen peroxide- and cell-density-regulated expression of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase in HeLa cells

Environmental conditions regulate the expression of different antioxidant enzymes in cell culture. We have studied the effect of cell density and hydrogen peroxide on the expression of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase in HeLa cells. Polypeptide levels of the NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase increased about three fold in confluent HeLa cells compared to sparse cells. Addition of H2O2 to HeLa cells altered expression levels of the NADH-cytochrome b(5) reducatase in a concentration-dependent way, being sparse cells more sensitive to H2O2 addition than confluent cells. The presence of pyruvate, a H2O2 scavenger, produced a significant increment (200%) in the levels of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase in sparse cells, but less increase (25%) in confluent cells, suggesting that generation of endogenous H2O2 could repress NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase expression, particularly in sparse cultures. Accordingly, confluent HeLa cells showed significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species than cells in sparse cultures. Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone, a compound which generates reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, also reduced expression of the NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase. Increments in several antioxidant enzymes taking place during confluency could participate in the increase of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase expression by reducing reactive oxygen species levels in cells. Overall, our results support that acute oxidative stress caused by H2O2 inhibits the expression levels of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase, most likely due to inhibition of SP1 transcriptional activity. On the other hand, adaptation to H2O2 involved increased expression of the cytochrome b(5) reductase, supporting the existence of additional regulatory mechanisms.