Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas:: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve

被引:79
作者
Edgar, GJ [1 ]
Bustamante, RH
Fariña, JM
Calvopiña, M
Martínez, C
Toral-Granda, MV
机构
[1] Charles Darwin Res Stn, Galapagos, Ecuador
[2] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
[3] CSIRO, No Fisheries & Ecosyst Res Grp, Marine Res, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia
[4] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Santiago, Chile
[5] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA
关键词
Isostichopus Juscus; meta-analysis; Mycteroperca olfax; sea cucumber; shark; spiny lobsters;
D O I
10.1017/S0376892904001584
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Analysis of ecological baseline data collected for key resource species within the Galapagos Marine Reserve indicates that variation in animal density associated with the location of fully protected zones can be comparable to protected area effects. Even with a high level of interspersion between conservation, tourism and fishing management zones, major differences in densities of economically important species were evident between zone types prior to enforcement of fishing restrictions. Densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to 'no-take' conservation zones, and densities of sharks were five times higher in tourism zones than fishing or conservation zones. These results highlight bias in the socio-political processes that can accompany selection of marine protected areas, where fishers attempt to minimize perceived impacts on their livelihood by locating large protected zones in resource-poor areas, and tourism operators and sport divers argue for protection of areas containing atypically-interesting features. Bias in the location of fully protected zones can seriously confound 'control-impact' field investigations when data prior to prohibitions on fishing are lacking, including meta-analyses, which arc dominated by such potentially systematically biased studies.
引用
收藏
页码:212 / 218
页数:7
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