Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study

Background: Psychological, in particular depressive problems among menopausal women are quite prevalent. However, there is a paucity of research and adequate professional treatment for these patients. Objective: Short- and long-term efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group program (CBT) was compared with a supportive group program (UGT), and a waiting list control condition. Methods: 51 depressed women in their menopause were randomized either to CBT, UGT or waiting list for 3 months of treatment. All interventions were delivered in a group setting, each session lasting 2 hours. Outcome was assessed post-treatment, after 6 months, and after 12 months. Assessment included self- and clinician ratings. Results: Both active interventions (CBT, UGT) were very well received by participating women (only I woman dropped out). They showed statistically and clinically significant improvement of depression and menopausal symptoms. Both treatments were superior to the control condition. These positive effects remained stable over I year of follow-up. CBT (ES d = 2.9) proved to be more successful than UGT (ES d = 1.9) in reducing depression and menopausal symptoms as well as in improving marital adjustment (ES d =.41). Conclusions: Both active group treatments proved to be beneficial on all measures and over long-term follow-up. The outcome with CBT in these patients was clearly superior to that of UGT. CBT should be used in the psychological treatment of depressed menopausal women.