Improved Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from 2009-2010 LIGO and Virgo Data

被引：80

作者：

Aasi, J. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, B. P. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, R. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, T. ^{[2
]}

Abernathy, M. R. ^{[1
]}

Accadia, T. ^{[3
]}

Acernese, F. ^{[4
,5
]}

Ackley, K. ^{[6
]}

Adams, C. ^{[7
]}

Adams, T. ^{[8
]}

Addesso, P. ^{[5
]}

Adhikari, R. X. ^{[1
]}

Affeldt, C. ^{[9
]}

Agathos, M. ^{[10
]}

Aggarwal, N. ^{[11
]}

Aguiar, O. D. ^{[12
]}

Ain, A. ^{[13
,90
]}

Ajith, P. ^{[14
]}

Alemic, A. ^{[15
]}

Allen, B. ^{[9
,16
]}

Allocca, A. ^{[17
,18
]}

Amariutei, D. ^{[6
]}

Andersen, M. ^{[19
]}

Anderson, R. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, S. B. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, W. G. ^{[16
]}

Arai, K. ^{[1
]}

Araya, M. C. ^{[1
]}

Arceneaux, C. ^{[20
]}

Areeda, J. ^{[21
]}

Aston, S. M. ^{[7
]}

Astone, P. ^{[22
]}

Aufmuth, P.

Aulbert, C. ^{[9
]}

Austin, L. ^{[1
]}

Aylott, B. E. ^{[23
]}

Babak, S. ^{[24
]}

Baker, P. T. ^{[25
]}

Ballardin, G. ^{[26
]}

Ballmer, S. W. ^{[15
]}

Barayoga, J. C. ^{[1
]}

Barbet, M. ^{[6
]}

Barish, B. C. ^{[1
]}

Barker, D. ^{[27
]}

Barone, F. ^{[4
,5
]}

Barr, B. ^{[28
]}

Barsotti, L. ^{[11
]}

Barsuglia, M. ^{[29
]}

Barton, M. A. ^{[27
]}

Bartos, I. ^{[30
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

[3] Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France

[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[5] Univ Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy

[6] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[7] Livingston Observ, LIGO, Livingston, LA 70754 USA

[8] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

[9] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany

[10] Nikhef, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

[11] MIT, LIGO, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[12] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil

[13] Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India

[14] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India

[15] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA

[16] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[17] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[18] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy

[19] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[20] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA

[21] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA

[22] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[23] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[24] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Golm, Germany

[25] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[26] EGO, I-56021 Pisa, Italy

[27] Hanford Observ, LIGO, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[28] Univ Glasgow, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

[29] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Irfu, CNRS, IN2P3,APC,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75205 Paris 13, France

[30] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA

[31] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[32] CAMK PAN, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[33] Warsaw Univ, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland

[34] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[35] Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[36] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA

[37] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia

[38] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91898 Orsay, France

[39] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[40] Univ Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[41] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[42] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice, France

[43] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Inst Phys Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France

[44] Univ Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, LMA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

[45] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA

[46] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[47] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy

[48] Univ Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy

[49] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA

[50] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, ENS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS | 2014年 / 113卷 / 23期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

INFLATION; RADIATION;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.231101

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

Gravitational waves from a variety of sources are predicted to superpose to create a stochastic background. This background is expected to contain unique information from throughout the history of the Universe that is unavailable through standard electromagnetic observations, making its study of fundamental importance to understanding the evolution of the Universe. We carry out a search for the stochastic background with the latest data from the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Consistent with predictions from most stochastic gravitational-wave background models, the data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. Assuming a gravitational-wave spectrum of Omega(GW)(f) = Omega(alpha)(f/f(ref))(alpha), we place 95% confidence level upper limits on the energy density of the background in each of four frequency bands spanning 41.5-1726 Hz. In the frequency band of 41.5-169.25 Hz for a spectral index of alpha = 0, we constrain the energy density of the stochastic background to be Omega(GW)(f) < 5.6 x 10(-6). For the 600-1000 Hz band, Omega(GW)(f) < 0.14(f/900 Hz)(3), a factor of 2.5 lower than the best previously reported upper limits. We find Omega(GW)(f) < 1.8 x 10(-4) using a spectral index of zero for 170-600 Hz and Omega(GW)(f) < 1.0(f/1300 Hz)(3) for 1000-1726 Hz, bands in which no previous direct limits have been placed. The limits in these four bands are the lowest direct measurements to date on the stochastic background. We discuss the implications of these results in light of the recent claim by the BICEP2 experiment of the possible evidence for inflationary gravitational waves.

引用

页数：10

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