Variability of fecal indicator bacteria in flowing and ponded waters in southern California: Implications for bacterial TMDL development and implementation

被引:47
作者
He, Li-Ming
Lu, Jun
Shi, Weiyong
机构
[1] Cty San Diego Watershed Protect Program, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
[2] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
关键词
recreational water quality; bacteria source; bacteria TMDL; fecal indicator bacteria; coliform; enterococcus;
D O I
10.1016/j.watres.2007.04.014
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Recreational water quality is assessed by using water quality objectives for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) including total coliform, fecal coliform. (or E. coli), and/or Enterococcus. It is required under the Clean Water Act that a TMDL be developed for a bacteria-impaired water body The development and implementation of bacterial TMDLs has proven challenging and often difficult due to unknown source(s) of FIB. This study found that FIB levels varied significantly in flowing water, ponded water, and associated sediment. FIB levels in isolated ponded water in waterways were significantly higher than in flowing water. Sediment under ponded water contained a great amount of FIB. Furthermore, FIB concentrations in ponded water tended to increase with increasing water temperature and to decrease with increasing water salinity. The result provides the field evidence of survival/growth of FIB in water and sediment under ambient conditions in southern California. A holistic approach including natural sources (e.g., a reference system) should be considered for practical and applicable purposes while developing and implementing bacterial TMDLs for pathogen-imp aired waterbodies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:3132 / 3140
页数:9
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