Catalytic combustion of diesel soot particles. Activity and characterization of Co/MgO and Co,K/MgO catalysts

The catalytic combustion of diesel soot particles was studied on Co/MgO (12 wt% Co) and potassium-promoted Co/MgO (1.5 wt% K) that were calcined at different temperatures in the 300 to 700 degrees C range. Catalyst samples were characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). As observed by TPO experiments, the catalyst activity depends strongly on the calcination temperature: calcination at 300 and 400 degrees C produced samples that were much more active than those calcined at higher temperatures, on which an inactive Mg-Co mixed oxide is formed, as suggested by TPR, ESR and XRD results. FTIR shows carbonate species on the surface. Unpromoted samples seem to correlate their activity with the amount of reducible Co species present. Potassium not only increased the sample activity, probably due to the improvement in surface mobility, but also enhanced stability at high temperatures. Experiments with different soot to catalyst ratios showed no significant variation in combustion temperature. The K-promoted catalyst burns off soot at a temperature lower than the one needed for calcination, thus proving to be a promising catalyst. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.