Decomposing the hindsight bias: A multinomial processing tree model for separating recollection and reconstruction in hindsight

被引:111
作者
Erdfelder, E
Buchner, A
机构
[1] Univ Bonn, Dept Psychol, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
[2] Univ Trier, Dept Psychol, Trier, Germany
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.387
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
After having received feedback about the correct answer to a question, a memory judgment about one's own past answer, the original judgment (OJ), is often biased toward the feedback. The authors present a multinomial model that explains this hindsight bias effect in terms of both memory impairments and reconstruction biases for nonrecollected OJs. The model was tested in 4 experiments. As predicted, the parameters measuring OJ recollection could be influenced selectively by contrasting items whose OJs were or were not retrieved successfully earlier (Experiment 1). Increasing the feedback-recall delay reduced reconstruction biases exclusively (Experiment 2), whereas discrediting the feedback enhanced recollection of the OJs to feedback items (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, the model's guessing parameters, but no other parameters, varied as a function of the number of response alternatives. The authors discuss implications for hindsight bias theories.
引用
收藏
页码:387 / 414
页数:28
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