Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens

被引:854
作者
Mitchell, CE [1 ]
Power, AG [1 ]
机构
[1] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1038/nature01317
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Invasive plant species both threaten native biodiversity and are economically costly(1-5), but only a few naturalized species become pests(2,4). Here we report broad, quantitative support for two long-standing hypotheses that explain why only some naturalized species have large impacts. The enemy release hypothesis argues that invaders' impacts result from reduced natural enemy attack(2,4,6-10). The biotic resistance hypothesis argues that interactions with native species, including natural enemies, limit invaders' impacts(6-8). We tested these hypotheses for viruses and for rust, smut and powdery mildew fungi that infect 473 plant species naturalized to the United States from Europe. On average, 84% fewer fungi and 24% fewer virus species infect each plant species in its naturalized range than in its native range. In addition, invasive plant species that are more completely released from pathogens are more widely reported as harmful invaders of both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Together, these results strongly support the enemy release hypothesis. Among noxious agricultural weeds, species accumulating more pathogens in their naturalized range are less widely noxious, supporting the biotic resistance hypothesis. Our results indicate that invasive plants' impacts may be a function of both release from and accumulation of natural enemies, including pathogens.
引用
收藏
页码:625 / 627
页数:3
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