The mismeasure of memory: When retrieval fluency is misleading as a metamnemonic index

被引:406
作者
Benjamin, AS
Bjork, RA
Schwartz, BL
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.55
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The experiments address the degree to which retrieval fluency-the ease with which information is accessed from long-term memory-guides and occasionally misleads metamnemonic judgments. In each of 3 experiments, participants' predictions of their own future recall performance were examined under conditions in which probability or speed of retrieval at one time or on one task is known to be negatively related to retrieval probability on a later task. Participants' predictions reflected retrieval fluency on the initial task in each case, which led to striking mismatches between their predicted and actual performance on the later tasks. The results suggest that retrieval fluency is a potent but not necessarily reliable source of information for metacognitive judgments. Aspects of the results suggest that a basis on which better and poorer rememberers differ is the degree to which certain memory dynamics are understood, such as the fleeting nature of recency effects and the consequences of an initial retrieval. The results have pedagogical as well as theoretical implications, particularly with respect to the education of subjective assessments of ongoing learning.
引用
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页码:55 / 68
页数:14
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