Evolution of HCl concentrations in the lower stratosphere from 1991 to 1996 following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) has evolved upwards from HCl/Cl-gamma=40% in late 1991 to 70% in 1996. This fraction is generally anticorrelated with aerosol surface area concentration, which has been diminishing since the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Calculations incorporating new laboratory results of faster heterogeneous chemistry show that air parcels with high aerosol loading exposed to temperatures below 205 K can experience enough chlorine activation to drive the HCl/Cl-y below 50%, but overestimate observed ClO/Cl-y.