Degradation of C.I. Reactive Orange 4 and its simulated dyebath wastewater by heterogeneous photocatalysis

The commercial azo dye C.I. Reactive Orange 4 in its reactive and hydrolysed forms can be efficiently photodegraded, using commercial samples of TiO2 as a photocatalyst. With UV light, aqueous solutions containing only dye and no dyebath additives are decolourised slightly more rapidly with Riedel-de-Haen TiO2 than with Degussa P-25 TiO2. The rate of decolourisation increases markedly with increasing pH. Sunlight is also very effective as a light source. On the other hand, comparison experiments involving UV irradiation of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed Reactive Orange 4 in a simulated spent dyebath showed Degussa P-25 TiO2 to be significantly the more efficient catalyst, giving more than 90% decolourisation after 20 min. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.