Using environmental analytical data to estimate levels of community consumption of illicit drugs and abused pharmaceuticals

被引:147
作者
Bones, Jonathan
Thomas, Kevin V.
Paull, Brett [1 ]
机构
[1] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Dublin 9, Ireland
[2] NIVA, Norwegian Inst Water Res, NO-0189 Oslo, Norway
来源
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING | 2007年 / 9卷 / 07期
关键词
D O I
10.1039/b702799k
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
A solid phase extraction (SPE) method has been developed and applied in conjunction with a previously reported liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) procedure for the determination of illicit drugs and abused pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater and surface water samples at the ng L-1 level. A full method validation was also performed and determined levels of analytical sensitivity were found to lie in the 1-10 ng L-1 range using river water as a test sample matrix and a sample size of 500 mL. The developed procedure was successfully applied for the determination of the chosen analytes in wastewater treatment plants in Dublin, Ireland and rapidly expanding commuter towns in the surrounding counties. Cocaine was detected in 70% of the collected samples in the range of 25-489 ng L-1, its primary metabolite, benzoylecognine (BZE) was also detected in the range of 22-290 ng L-1. Other substances detected included morphine, Tempazepam and the primary metabolite of methadone.
引用
收藏
页码:701 / 707
页数:7
相关论文
共 42 条
[11]  
Daughton C.G, 2001, Illicit Drugs in Municipal Sewage, P348, DOI DOI 10.1021/BK-2001-0791.CH020
[12]   Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? [J].
Daughton, CG ;
Ternes, TA .
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 1999, 107 :907-938
[13]   Postmortem toxicology of drugs of abuse [J].
Drummer, OH .
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 2004, 142 (2-3) :101-113
[14]  
*DUBL DRAIN CONS, 2002, GREAT DUBL STRAT DRA
[15]   Drugs of abuse testing in meconium [J].
Gareri, J ;
Klein, J ;
Koren, G .
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2006, 366 (1-2) :101-111
[16]   Determination of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in effluent and surface water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry [J].
Hilton, MJ ;
Thomas, KV .
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 2003, 1015 (1-2) :129-141
[17]   Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents [J].
Jones-Lepp, TL ;
Alvarez, DA ;
Petty, JD ;
Huckins, JN .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 2004, 47 (04) :427-439
[18]   Semiquantitative determination of residues of amphetamine in sewage sludge samples [J].
Kaleta, Agnieszka ;
Ferdig, Matthias ;
Buchberger, Wolfgang .
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 2006, 29 (11) :1662-1666
[19]   Testing for drugs of abuse in saliva and sweat [J].
Kidwell, DA ;
Holland, JC ;
Athanaselis, S .
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, 1998, 713 (01) :111-135
[20]   Screening and confirmatory method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in oral fluid by LC-MS/MS [J].
Kintz, P ;
Villain, M ;
Concheiro, M ;
Cirimele, V .
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 2005, 150 (2-3) :213-220