Our laboratories are involved in a large-scale study investigating the different hypotheses about the founding Canary Islands populations-making use of physical-anthropological, genetic and archeological approaches. The main problems associated with ancient DNA studies are low yield, high fragmentation and contamination with exogenous DNA. In this study, we tried to evaluate the viability of our laboratory set-up to accomplish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolation and analysis from ancient samples. We present preliminary results of HVI region mtDNA sequencing of several teeth from the Monastery of Los Silos (North of Tenerife Island), an archeological excavation site dating back to the XVIth century, used as a graveyard for some time. We also make some considerations about the amplification yield by comparing two different PCR strategies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.