Evaluation of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (Filgrastim) in infected diabetic foot ulcers

Aims/hypothesis. To re-evaluate the use of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers. Methods. Thirty-seven diabetic subjects were randomised to Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) (n = 20) or placebo (n = 17). The primary end-point was resolution of cellulitis, which was evaluated clinically and with an infection summary score. Patients were hospitalised for 10 days and received subcutaneously either 5 mug/kg G-CSF or placebo daily. Ulcers were treated with a standard wound protocol and the patients were instructed to stay in bed. All subjects received antibiotics (clindamycin and ciprofloxacin) intravenously until the inflammation had subsided. Results. Patients who received G-CSF did not have an earlier resolution of clinically defined cellulitis (p = 0.57). The infection summary score declined, but comparably, in both groups (G-CSF: 29.5 +/- 18.4 to 6.7 +/- 6.3 p < 0.001, placebo: 24.2 ± 16.9 to 8.9 ± 7.2 p < 0.001). The ulcer volume, which was not greater among placebo patients, was reduced by 59% in G-CSF and by 35% in placebo patients. Conclusion/interpretation. We conclude that antibiotic and non weight-bearing therapy (bed rest) accelerated the resolution of cellulitis in infected foot ulcers. Additional treatment with G-CSF had no further beneficial effect.