Molecular interactions in cancer cell metastasis

被引:215
作者
Brooks, Susan A. [1 ]
Lomax-Browne, Hannah J. [1 ]
Carter, Tracey M. [1 ]
Kinch, Chloe E. [1 ]
Hall, Debbie M. S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Life Sci, Oxford OX3 0BP, England
关键词
Cancer metastasis; Review; Integrins; Cathepsins; Selectins; Proteinases; Angiogenesis; UROKINASE-PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ALPHA-CATENIN EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LYMPH-NODE METASTASIS; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; TUMOR PROGRESSION;
D O I
10.1016/j.acthis.2008.11.022
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells leave the primary tumour, disseminate and form secondary tumours at anatomically distant sites, is a serious clinical problem as it is disseminated disease, which is often impossible to eradicate successfully, that causes the death of most cancer patients. Metastasis results from a complex molecular cascade comprising many steps, all of which are interconnected through a series of adhesive interactions and invasive processes as well as responses to chemotactic stimuli. In spite of its clinical significance, it remains incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of some of the molecular interactions that are critical to metastasis. It summarises the principle molecular players in the major steps of the metastatic cascade. These are: (1) tumour angiogenesis, (2) disaggregation of tumour cells from the primary tumour mass, mediated by cadherins and catenins, (3) invasion of, and migration through, the basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the tumour epithelium, and subsequent invasion of the BM of the endothelium of local blood vessels. This is mediated through integrins and proteases, including urokinase form of plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins, (4) intravasation of the tumour cells into the blood vessels prior to hematogeneous dissemination to distant sites, (5) adhesion of the circulating tumour cells to the endothelial cell lining at the capillary bed of the target organ site. This occurs through adhesive interactions between cancer cells and endothelial cells involving selectins, integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), (6) invasion of the tumour cells through the endothelial cell, layer and surrounding BM (extravasation) and target organ tissue and (7) the development of secondary tumour foci at the target organ site. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
引用
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页码:3 / 25
页数:23
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