Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment

被引:497
作者
Lang, T. [1 ]
Streeper, T.
Cawthon, P. [2 ]
Baldwin, K. [3 ]
Taaffe, D. R. [4 ]
Harris, T. B. [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, UCB Joint Bioengn Grad Grp, Ctr Mol & Funct Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[2] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA
[3] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
[4] Univ Queensland, Sch Human Movement Studies, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[5] NIA, Lab Epidemiol & Biometry, Intramural Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
关键词
Aging; Falls; Imaging; Muscle strength; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MUTATIONS; LOWER-EXTREMITY PERFORMANCE; FIBER CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; ELITE SOCCER PLAYERS; BODY-COMPOSITION;
D O I
10.1007/s00198-009-1059-y
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
The aging process is associated with loss of muscle mass and strength and decline in physical functioning. The term sarcopenia is primarily defined as low level of muscle mass resulting from age-related muscle loss, but its definition is often broadened to include the underlying cellular processes involved in skeletal muscle loss as well as their clinical manifestations. The underlying cellular changes involve weakening of factors promoting muscle anabolism and increased expression of inflammatory factors and other agents which contribute to skeletal muscle catabolism. At the cellular level, these molecular processes are manifested in a loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, loss of innervation, and adaptive changes in the proportions of slow and fast motor units in muscle tissue. Ultimately, these alterations translate to bulk changes in muscle mass, strength, and function which lead to reduced physical performance, disability, increased risk of fall-related injury, and, often, frailty. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and age-related changes in muscle tissue morphology and function. We also discuss the resulting long-term outcomes in terms of loss of function, which causes increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and other morbidities, leading to frailty and loss of independence.
引用
收藏
页码:543 / 559
页数:17
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