In vivo ethanol exposure down-regulates TLR2-, TLR4-, and TLR9-mediated macrophage inflammatory response by limiting p38 and ERK1/2 activation

被引:109
作者
Goral, J
Kovacs, EJ
机构
[1] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Burn & Shock Trauma Inst, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
[2] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol & Anat & Surg, Burn & Shock Trauma Inst, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
[3] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Burn & Shock Trauma Inst, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
[4] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Alcohol Res Program, Maywood, IL USA
关键词
D O I
10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.456
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Ethanol is known to increase susceptibility to infections, in part, by suppressing macrophage function. Through TLRs, macrophages recognize pathogens and initiate inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of acute ethanol exposure on murine macrophage activation mediated via TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. Specifically, the study focused on the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha and activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs after a single in vivo exposure to physiologically relevant level of ethanol followed by ex vivo stimulation with specific TLR ligands. Acute ethanol treatment inhibited IL-6 and TNF-alpha synthesis and impaired p38 and ERK1/2 activation induced by TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 ligands. We also addressed the question of whether ethanol treatment modified activities of serine/threonine-specific, tyrosine-specific phosphatases, and MAPK phosphatase type 1. Inhibitors of three families of protein phosphatases did not restore ethanol-impaired proinflammatory cytokine production nor p38 and ERK1/2 activation. However, inhibitors of serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2A significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, and prolonged activation of p38 and ERK1/2 when triggered by TLR4 and TLR9 ligands. In contrast, with TLR2 ligand stimulation, TNF-alpha production was reduced, whereas IL-6 levels, and p38 and ERK1/2 activation were not affected. In conclusion, acute ethanol exposure impaired macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR agonists by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. Mechanism responsible for ethanol-induced suppression involved inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 activation. Furthermore, different TLR ligands stimulated IL-6 and TNF-alpha production via signaling pathways, which showed unique characteristics.
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页码:456 / 463
页数:8
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