Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole

被引：205

作者：

Abuter, R. ^{[8
]}

Amorim, A. ^{[6
,14
]}

Anugu, N. ^{[7
]}

Bauboeck, M. ^{[1
]}

Benisty, M. ^{[5
]}

Berger, J. P. ^{[5
,8
]}

Blind, N. ^{[10
]}

Bonnet, H. ^{[8
]}

Brandner, W. ^{[3
]}

Buron, A. ^{[1
]}

Collin, C. ^{[2
]}

Chapron, F. ^{[2
]}

Clenet, Y. ^{[2
]}

du Foresto, V. Coude ^{[2
]}

de Zeeuw, P. T. ^{[1
,12
]}

Deen, C. ^{[1
]}

Delplancke-Stroebele, F. ^{[8
]}

Dembet, R. ^{[2
,8
]}

Dexter, J. ^{[1
]}

Duvert, G. ^{[5
]}

Eckart, A. ^{[4
,11
]}

Eisenhauer, F. ^{[1
]}

Finger, G. ^{[8
]}

Schreiber, N. M. Foerster ^{[1
]}

Fedou, P. ^{[2
]}

Garcia, P. ^{[7
,14
]}

Lopez, R. Garcia ^{[3
,15
]}

Gao, F. ^{[1
]}

Gendron, E. ^{[2
]}

Genzel, R. ^{[1
,13
]}

Gillessen, S. ^{[1
]}

Gordo, P. ^{[6
,14
]}

Habibi, M. ^{[1
]}

Haubois, X. ^{[9
]}

Haug, M. ^{[8
]}

Haussmann, F. ^{[1
]}

Henning, Th ^{[3
]}

Hippler, S. ^{[3
]}

Horrobin, M. ^{[4
]}

Hubert, Z. ^{[2
,3
]}

Hubin, N. ^{[8
]}

Rosales, A. Jimenez ^{[1
]}

Jochum, L. ^{[8
]}

Jocou, L. ^{[5
]}

Kaufer, A. ^{[9
]}

Kellner, S. ^{[11
]}

Kendrew, S. ^{[3
,16
]}

Kervella, P. ^{[2
]}

Kok, Y. ^{[1
]}

Kulas, M. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[2] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LESIA,Observ Paris,Univ PSL,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

[3] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[4] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany

[5] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[6] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal

[7] Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Porto, Portugal

[8] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[9] European Southern Observ, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

[10] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, 51 Ch Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[11] Max Planck Inst Radio Astron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[12] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[13] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Le Conte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[14] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA Ctr Astrofis & Gravitacao, IST, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

[15] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland

[16] European Space Agcy, Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2018年 / 615卷

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

Galaxy: center; gravitation; black hole physics; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; LARGE TELESCOPE; STELLAR ORBITS; MILKY; RESOLUTION; LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE; SINFONI;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201833718

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The highly elliptical, 16-year-period orbit of the star S2 around the massive black hole candidate Sgr A* is a sensitive probe of the gravitational field in the Galactic centre. Near pericentre at 120 AU approximate to 1400 Schwarzschild radii, the star has an orbital speed of approximate to 7650 km s(-1), such that the first-order effects of Special and General Relativity have now become detectable with current capabilities. Over the past 26 years, we have monitored the radial velocity and motion on the sky of S2, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics instruments on the ESO Very Large Telescope, and since 2016 and leading up to the pericentre approach in May 2018, with the four-telescope interferometric beam-combiner instrument GRAVITY. From data up to and including pericentre, we robustly detect the combined gravitational redshift and relativistic transverse Doppler effect for S2 of z = Delta lambda/lambda approximate to 200 km s(-1)/c with different statistical analysis methods. When parameterising the post-Newtonian contribution from these effects by a factor f, with f = 0 and f = 1 corresponding to the Newtonian and general relativistic limits, respectively, we find from posterior fitting with different weighting schemes f = 0.90 +/- 0.09 vertical bar(stat) +/- 0.151 vertical bar(sys). The S2 data are inconsistent with pure Newtonian dynamics.

引用

页数：10

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