Intercomparison of shipboard and moored CARIOCA buoy seawater fCO2 measurements in the Sargasso Sea

被引:31
作者
Bates, NR [1 ]
Merlivat, L [1 ]
Beaumont, L [1 ]
Pequignet, AC [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris 06, LODYC, F-75252 Paris 05, France
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
seawater; carbon dioxide; measurements; Atlantic Ocean;
D O I
10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00084-0
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The ocean is an important sink for carbon and heat, yet high-resolution measurements of biogeochemical properties relevant to global climate change are being made only sporadically in the ocean at present. There is a growing need for automated, real-time, long-term measurements of CO2 in the ocean using a network of sensors, strategically placed oh ships, moorings, free-drifting buoys and autonomous remotely operated vehicles. The ground-truthing of new sensor technologies is a vital component of present and future efforts to monitor changes in the ocean carbon cycle and air-sea exchange of CO2. A comparison of a moored Carbon Interface Ocean Atmosphere (CARIOCA) buoy and shipboard fugacity of CO2 (fCO(2)) measurements was conducted in the western North Atlantic during two extended periods (> I month) in 1997. The CARIOCA buoy was deployed on the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM), which is located 5 km noah of the site of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). The high frequency of sampling revealed that temperature and fCO(2) responded to physical forcing by the atmosphere on timescales from diurnal to 4-8 days. Concurrent with the deployments of the CARIOCA buoy, frequent measurements of surface fCO(2) were made from the R/V Weatherbird II during opportunistic visits to the BTM and BATS sites, providing a direct calibration of the CARIOCA buoy fCO(2) data. Although, the in situ ground-truthing of the CARIOCA buoy was complicated by diurnal processes, sub-mesoscale and fine-scale variability, the CARIOCA buoy fCO(2) data was accurate within 3+/-6 mu atm of shipboard fCO(2) data for periods up to 50 days. Longer-term assessments were not possible due to the CARIOCA buoy breaking free of the BTM and drifting into waters with different fCO(2)-temperature properties. Strategies are put forward for future calibration of other in situ sensors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:239 / 255
页数:17
相关论文
共 32 条
[1]  
BAKKER DCE, 2000, IN PRESS TELLUS
[2]   Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon dioxide species at the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site [J].
Bates, NR ;
Michaels, AF ;
Knap, AH .
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY, 1996, 43 (2-3) :347-+
[3]   Variability of pCO2 on diel to seasonal timescales in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda [J].
Bates, NR ;
Takahashi, T ;
Chipman, DW ;
Knap, AH .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 1998, 103 (C8) :15567-15585
[4]   Contribution of hurricanes to local and global estimates of air-sea exchange of CO2 [J].
Bates, NR ;
Knap, AH ;
Michaels, AF .
NATURE, 1998, 395 (6697) :58-61
[5]  
BATES NR, 2000, IMPACT MESOSCALE EDD
[6]   Direct observation of the oceanic CO2 increase revisited [J].
Brewer, PG ;
Goyet, C ;
Friederich, G .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1997, 94 (16) :8308-8313
[7]   IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF SEAWATER PCO(2) [J].
DEGRANDPRE, MD ;
HAMMAR, TR ;
SMITH, SP ;
SAYLES, FL .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1995, 40 (05) :969-975
[8]   Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea [J].
Deuser, WG ;
Jickells, TD ;
King, P ;
Commeau, JA .
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS, 1995, 42 (11-12) :1923-1932
[9]   Initial results from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring program [J].
Dickey, T ;
Frye, D ;
Jannasch, H ;
Boyle, E ;
Manov, D ;
Sigurdson, D ;
McNeil, J ;
Stramska, M ;
Michaels, A ;
Nelson, N ;
Siegel, D ;
Chang, G ;
Wu, J ;
Knap, A .
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS, 1998, 45 (4-5) :771-794
[10]  
Dickey T, 1998, MON WEATHER REV, V126, P1195, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1195:UOTRTH>2.0.CO