Heparin accelerates the inhibition of cathepsin G by mucus proteinase inhibitor: potent effect of O-butyrylated heparin

Heparin tightly binds cathepsin G and so protects the enzyme from inhibition by alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor and eglin c, three proteins which do not bind heparin [Ermolieff J., Boudier C., Laine A., Meyer B. and Bieth J. G. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29502-29508]. Here we show that heparin no longer protects cathepsin G from inhibition when the enzyme is reacted with mucus proteinase inhibitor (MPI), a heparin-binding protein. Heparin fragments of M-r = 4500 and 8100 and O-butyrylated heparin of M-r = 8000 form tight complexes with cathepsin G (K-d = 0.5-2.2 nM) and MPI (K-d = 0.4-0.8 mu M) and accelerate the MPI-promoted inhibition of cathepsin G by a factor of 17-26. They also accelerate the inhibition of neutrophil elastase and pancreatic chymotrypsin. The rate acceleration is due to the binding of heparin to MPI. Butyrylation of heparin slightly decreases its affinity for cathepsin G and MPI but sharply decreases the ionic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the negatively charged polyanion. The butyrylated heparin derivative is the best rate accelerator: it increases the rate constant for the MPI-induced inhibition of cathepsin G and elastase by factors of 26 and 23, respectively. This, together with the fact that it has a good bioavailability and a very low anticoagulant activity, suggests that it might be an adjuvant of MPI-based therapy of cystic fibrosis.