Effect of immune response on transmission dynamics for sexually transmitted infections

Transmission dynamics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) exhibit a large degree of heterogeneity, much of which has been attributed to behavioral variability. However, because STI transmission concentrates among individuals who frequently change sex partners, immune responses also are likely to contribute to the heterogeneity in STI transmission dynamics. We review both theoretical and experimental data on the effects of immunity on STI transmission dynamics. We conclude that research should be directed more intensively toward the characterization of sexual network structures, together with qualitative and quantitative analyses of the immune responses of individuals who are identifiable within the network structure itself. Elucidation of the immunobiological and behavioral factors that shape STI transmission should inform better STI prevention and control programs.