Many specialists for suppressing cortical excitation

被引:71
作者
Burkhalter, Andreas [1 ]
机构
[1] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
来源
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE | 2008年 / 2卷 / 01期
关键词
cerebral cortex; interneurons; GABAergic neurons; inhibition;
D O I
10.3389/neuro.01.026.2008
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Cortical computations are critically dependent on GABA-releasing neurons for dynamically balancing excitation with inhibition that is proportional to the overall level of activity. Although it is widely accepted that there are multiple types of interneurons, defining their identities based on qualitative descriptions of morphological, molecular and physiological features has failed to produce a universally accepted 'parts list', which is needed to understand the roles that interneurons play in cortical processing. A list of features has been published by the Petilla Interneurons Nomenclature Group, which represents an important step toward an unbiased classification of interneurons. To this end some essential features have recently been studied quantitatively and their association was examined using multidimensional cluster analyses. These studies revealed at least 3 distinct electrophysiological, 6 morphological and 15 molecular phenotypes. This is a conservative estimate of the number of interneuron types, which almost certainly will be revised as more quantitative studies will be performed and similarities will be defined objectively. It is clear that interneurons are organized with physiological attributes representing the most general, molecular characteristics the most detailed and morphological features occupying the middle ground. By themselves, none of these features are sufficient to define classes of interneurons. The challenge will be to determine which features belong together and how cell type-specific feature combinations are genetically specified.
引用
收藏
页码:155 / 167
页数:13
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