THE COLLIMATION AND ENERGETICS OF THE BRIGHTEST SWIFT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

被引：112

作者：

Cenko, S. B. ^{[1
]}

Frail, D. A. ^{[2
]}

Harrison, F. A. ^{[3
]}

Kulkarni, S. R. ^{[4
]}

Nakar, E. ^{[5
]}

Chandra, P. C. ^{[6
]}

Butler, N. R. ^{[1
]}

Fox, D. B. ^{[7
]}

Gal-Yam, A. ^{[8
]}

Kasliwal, M. M. ^{[4
]}

Kelemen, J. ^{[9
]}

Moon, D. -S ^{[10
]}

Ofek, E. O. ^{[4
]}

Price, P. A. ^{[11
]}

Rau, A. ^{[4
,12
]}

Soderberg, A. M. ^{[13
]}

Teplitz, H. I. ^{[14
]}

Werner, M. W. ^{[15
]}

Bock, D. C. -J. ^{[16
]}

Bloom, J. S. ^{[1
]}

Starr, D. A. ^{[1
,17
]}

Filippenko, A. V. ^{[1
]}

Chevalier, R. A. ^{[18
]}

Gehrels, N. ^{[19
]}

Nousek, J. N. ^{[7
]}

Piran, T. ^{[20
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[2] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[3] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[4] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[5] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

[6] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON, Canada

[7] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[8] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[9] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

[10] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

[11] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[12] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[13] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[14] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[15] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[16] Combined Array Res Millimeter Wave Astron, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA

[17] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA

[18] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA

[19] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA

[20] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2010年 / 711卷 / 02期

关键词：

gamma-ray burst: general; X-rays:; individual; (GRB; 050820A; GRB; 050904; 060418; 070125; 080319B); AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; X-RAY; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; BLAST WAVE; JET BREAKS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC TURBULENCE; LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA; FERMI OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY INJECTION;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/711/2/641

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely believed to be highly collimated explosions ( bipolar conical outflows with half-opening angle theta approximate to 1 degrees -10 degrees). As a result of this beaming factor, the true energy release from a GRB is usually several orders of magnitude smaller than the observed isotropic value. Measuring this opening angle, typically inferred from an achromatic steepening in the afterglow light curve (a "jet" break), has proven exceedingly difficult in the Swift era. Here, we undertake a study of five of the brightest ( in terms of the isotropic prompt. gamma-ray energy release, E-gamma,E-iso) GRBs in the Swift era to search for jet breaks and hence constrain the collimation-corrected energy release. We present multi-wavelength ( radio through X-ray) observations of GRBs 050820A, 060418, and 080319B, and construct afterglow models to extract the opening angle and beaming-corrected energy release for all three events. Together with results from previous analyses of GRBs 050904 and 070125, we find evidence for an achromatic jet break in all five events, strongly supporting the canonical picture of GRBs as collimated explosions. The most natural explanation for the lack of observed jet breaks from most Swift GRBs is therefore selection effects. However, the opening angles for the events in our sample are larger than would be expected if all GRBs had a canonical energy release of similar to 10(51) erg. The total energy release we measure for the "hyper-energetic" (E-tot greater than or similar to 10(52) erg) events in our sample is large enough to start challenging models with a magnetar as the compact central remnant.

引用

页码：641 / 654

页数：14

共 134 条

[11] OBSERVATIONS OF THE NAKED-EYE GRB 080319B: IMPLICATIONS OF NATURE'S BRIGHTEST EXPLOSION [J].

Bloom, J. S. ;

Perley, D. A. ;

Li, W. ;

Butler, N. R. ;

Miller, A. A. ;

Kocevski, D. ;

Kann, D. A. ;

Foley, R. J. ;

Chen, H. -W. ;

Filippenko, A. V. ;

Starr, D. L. ;

Macomber, B. ;

Prochaska, J. X. ;

Chornock, R. ;

Poznanski, D. ;

Klose, S. ;

Skrutskie, M. F. ;

Lopez, S. ;

Hall, P. ;

Glazebrook, K. ;

Blake, C. H. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 691 (01) :723-737

[12]

Bloom J.S., 2006, ASTRONOMICAL SOC PAC, V351, P751

[13] Gamma-ray burst energetics and the gamma-ray burst Hubble diagram: Promises and limitations [J].

Bloom, JS ;

Frail, DA ;

Kulkarni, SR .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 594 (02) :674-683

[14]

BOCK DCJ, 2008, GRB COORDINATES NETW, V7493, P1

[15] Bright X-ray flares in gamma-ray burst afterglows [J].

Burrows, DN ;

Romano, P ;

Falcone, A ;

Kobayashi, S ;

Zhang, B ;

Moretti, A ;

O'Brien, PT ;

Goad, MR ;

Campana, S ;

Page, KL ;

Angelini, L ;

Barthelmy, S ;

Beardmore, AP ;

Capalbi, M ;

Chincarini, G ;

Cummings, J ;

Cusumano, G ;

Fox, D ;

Giommi, P ;

Hill, JE ;

Kennea, JA ;

Krimm, H ;

Mangano, V ;

Marshall, F ;

Mészáros, P ;

Morris, DC ;

Nousek, JA ;

Osborne, JP ;

Pagani, C ;

Perri, M ;

Tagliaferri, G ;

Wells, AA ;

Woosley, S ;

Gehrels, N .

SCIENCE, 2005, 309 (5742) :1833-1835

[16] The Swift X-ray telescope [J].

Burrows, DN ;

Hill, JE ;

Nousek, JA ;

Kennea, JA ;

Wells, A ;

Osborne, JP ;

Abbey, AF ;

Beardmore, A ;

Mukerjee, K ;

Short, ADT ;

Chincarini, G ;

Campana, S ;

Citterio, O ;

Moretti, A ;

Pagani, C ;

Tagliaferri, G ;

Giommi, P ;

Capalbi, M ;

Tamburelli, F ;

Angelini, L ;

Cusumano, G ;

Bräuninger, HW ;

Burkert, W ;

Hartner, GD .

SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, 2005, 120 (3-4) :165-195

[17] A complete catalog of Swift gamma-ray burst spectra and durations:: Demise of a physical origin for pre-swift high-energy correlations [J].

Butler, Nathaniel R. ;

Kocevski, Daniel ;

Bloom, Joshua S. ;

Curtis, Jason L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 671 (01) :656-677

[18] X-ray hardness evolution in GRB afterglows and flares:: Late-time GRB activity without NH variations [J].

Butler, Nathaniel R. ;

Kocevski, Daniel .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 663 (01) :407-419

[19] Multiwavelength observations of GRB 050820A: An exceptionally energetic event followed from start to finish [J].

Cenko, S. B. ;

Kasliwal, M. ;

Harrison, F. A. ;

Pal'shin, V. ;

Frail, D. A. ;

Cameron, P. B. ;

Berger, E. ;

Fox, D. B. ;

Gal-Yam, A. ;

Kulkarni, S. R. ;

Moon, D. -S. ;

Nakar, E. ;

Ofek, E. O. ;

Penprase, B. E. ;

Price, P. A. ;

Sari, R. ;

Schmidt, B. P. ;

Soderberg, A. M. ;

Aptekar, R. ;

Frederiks, D. ;

Golenetskii, S. ;

Burrows, D. N. ;

Chevalier, R. A. ;

Gehrels, N. ;

McCarthy, P. J. ;

Nousek, J. A. ;

Piran, T. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 652 (01) :490-506

[20] DARK BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: THE PALOMAR 60 INCH-SWIFT EARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOW CATALOG [J].

Cenko, S. B. ;

Kelemen, J. ;

Harrison, F. A. ;

Fox, D. B. ;

Kulkarni, S. R. ;

Kasliwal, M. M. ;

Ofek, E. O. ;

Rau, A. ;

Gal-Yam, A. ;

Frail, D. A. ;

Moon, D. -S. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 693 (02) :1484-1493

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →