The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon

被引:114
作者
Colla, Giuseppe [1 ]
Rouphael, Youssef [2 ]
Cardarelli, Mariateresa [1 ]
Salerno, Anna [3 ]
Rea, Elvira [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Geol & Ingn Meccan Naturalist & Idra, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
[2] Lebanese Univ, Fac Agr Engn & Vet Med, Dept Crop Prod, Dekwaneh Al Maten, Lebanon
[3] CRA Ctr Ric Studio Relaz Tra Pianta & Suolo, I-00184 Rome, Italy
关键词
Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. and Nakai; Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata; Grafting; Lagenaria siceraria; Mineral composition; Organic acids; pH level; CUCUMBER CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; MELON PLANTS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PEACH ROOTSTOCKS; IRON-CHLOROSIS; FRUIT-QUALITY; SOIL SOLUTION; GAS-EXCHANGE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.12.005
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
The aim of the present study was to determine whether grafting could improve alkalinity tolerance of watermelon, and to study the changes induced by the rootstock in the shoot growth at agronomical, physiological, and biochemical levels. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine growth, net photosynthetic rate, electrolyte leakage, root Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FCR) activity, mineral composition and assimilate partitioning (experiment 1, 2007), and organic acid concentration in root exudates (experiment 2, 2008), of watermelon plants [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. and Nakai cv. 'Ingrid') either ungrafted or grafted onto the four commercial rootstocks: 'Macis', 'Argentario' [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] and 'P360', 'PS1313' (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne x Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) grown in a closed-loop system. Plants were supplied with nutrient solutions having two levels of pH (6.0 or 8.1). The high pH nutrient solution had the same basic composition plus an additional of 10 mM NaHCO(3) and 0.5 g L(-1) CaCO(3). Significant depression of shoot, root biomass production, and leaf macro- (N, P, K, and Mg) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) under high pH level was observed in both grafted and ungrafted plants. Increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 from 0 to 10 mM in the nutrient solution significantly enhanced FCR activity of root tips to 2.3 times in high pH treatment in comparison to the control. At high pH level, the percentage of shoot biomass weight reduction was significantly lower in plants grafted onto pumpkins rootstocks in comparison to those grafted onto the bottle gourd rootstocks and the ungrafted plants. Moreover, at high pH level, the highest percentage of root biomass weight reduction was recorded in both grafting combinations 'Ingrid/P360' and 'Ingrid/Macis'. The high pH-related reduction in net assimilation was more severe in ungrafted plants in comparison with the grafted ones. The Fe concentration in leaves was significantly higher in plants grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks (avg. 109.5 mu g g(-1)) in comparison to that of bottle gourd rootstocks and ungrafted plants (avg. 86.7 mu g g(-1)). For plants grafted onto bottle gourd rootstocks and ungrafted plants the high pH level (8.1) in the nutrient solution caused significant decrease in macronutrient leaf concentration especially for P and Mg compared to plants grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks. Increasing the nutrient solution pH from 6.0 to 8.1 increased exudation of organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric and succinic acids). Watermelon plants grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks exuded more citric and malic acids than those grafted onto bottle gourd rootstocks and ungrafted plants especially under bicarbonate-enriched conditions. These results support the hypothesis that uptake of nutrients (e.g. P, Mg, and Fe) from the nutrient solution by pumpkin rootstocks was facilitated by exudation of organic acids from roots. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:283 / 291
页数:9
相关论文
共 57 条
[51]   Grafting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) onto the rootstock of a high-altitude accession of Solanum habrochaites improves suboptimal-temperature tolerance [J].
Venema, Jan Henk ;
Dijk, Boukelien E. ;
Bax, Joze M. ;
van Hasselt, Philip R. ;
Elzenga, J. Theo M. .
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, 2008, 63 (1-3) :359-367
[52]  
WELCH RM, 1993, PLANTA, V190, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00224795
[53]   Nutrition influence on copper accumulation by Brassica pekinensis Rupr. [J].
Xiong, ZT ;
Li, YH ;
Xu, B .
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, 2002, 53 (02) :200-205
[54]   Sugar accumulation and partitioning in Satsuma mandarin tree tissues and fruit in response to drought stress [J].
Yakushiji, H ;
Morinaga, K ;
Nonami, H .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 1998, 123 (04) :719-726
[55]  
Yetisir H, 2006, ENVIRON EXP BOT, V58, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.06.010
[56]   EFFECT OF ZINC-DEFICIENCY IN WHEAT ON THE RELEASE OF ZINC AND IRON MOBILIZING ROOT EXUDATES [J].
ZHANG, F ;
ROMHELD, V ;
MARSCHNER, H .
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE, 1989, 152 (02) :205-210
[57]   Effect of bicarbonate on growth and iron nutrition of pea [J].
Zribi, K ;
Gharsalli, M .
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION, 2002, 25 (10) :2143-2149