Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass and external carotid reconstruction for carotid restenosis after angioplasty and stent placement

The recent proliferation of endovascular treatment of carotid atherosclerotic disease will increase the number of patients who require treatment for recurrent carotid stenosis after angioplasty and stent placement, The optimal management of these patients has not yet been defined. We describe a 66-year-old woman who required 2 surgical procedures for recurrent in-stent carotid stenosis, She experienced numerous transient ischemic attacks 5 months after left extracranial internal carotid artery angioplasty and stenting for asymptomatic stenosis, Angiography showed high-grade in-stent restenosis, left intracranial carotid artery stenosis, and poor collateral flow to the left middle cerebral artery circulation, The patient underwent a Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass, and the transient ischemic attacks resolved, Five months later, angiography showed progressive stenosis of the external carotid artery at the site of the stent, The patient underwent successful external carotid reconstruction with an on lay patch, Extracranial-intracranial bypass grafting maybe used successfully in the treatment of recurrent extracranial carotid artery stenosis after angioplasty and stent placement, Also, external carotid artery reconstruction at the site of an internal carotid artery stent can be performed safely.