A point of view: HIV-1/AIDS is an allergy but CpG ODN treatments may inhibit virus replication and reactiate the adaptive immunity - Hypothesis and implications

Reevaluation of the increase in the levels of IgE and IL-4 in sera of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients led to the suggestion that AIDS resembles allergy. Studies on the properties of the viral shed gp 120 revealed that it resemble environmental allergens in their ability to induce hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines, inhibitors of the patients adaptive immune response. Yet, induction of TLR9+ plasmacytoid DCs by CpG ODNs cause the release of type I interferons, inhibitors of HIV-1 replication and IL-4 release from hernatopoietic cells. CpG ODN binding to TLR+ B cells inhibits IgE synthesis and reactivates the failing adaptive immunity. The possible use of CpG ODNs as treatment to patients is discussed.