A framework for identifying and classifying ecosystem dysfunctions

Even though there is a global proliferation of cases of ecosystem breakdown under stress, little attention has been given to the development of practical and efficient means for cross-referencing 'similar cases'. It seems essential that a more systematic approach be adopted for the efficient analysis of options in environmental management. This paper presents a frame work for identifying ecosystem dysfunctions and proposes a classification based on stresses and responses, a procedure which does not require a mechanistic knowledge of the causal pathways that lead to environmental degradation. By examining the techniques used in classifying disorders in human medicine, insight is derived, allowing one to treat the ecosystem as a patient. All attempts at distinguishing between pathological and natural response, whether in human or ecosystem medicine, must ultimately be based on context; the significance of a particular condition and appropriate remedial actions must always be viewed in relation to a specific patient.