Introduction of Nonindigenous Aquatic Vascular Plants in Southern New England: A Historical Perspective

被引:94
作者
Donald H. Les
Leslie J. Mehrhoff
机构
[1] The University of Connecticut,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
关键词
aquatic weeds; cultivated plants; invasive hydrophytes; southern New England; water gardening;
D O I
10.1023/A:1010086232220
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Aquatic plants comprise few species worldwide, yet introductions of nonindigenous hydrophytes represent some of the most severe examples of biological invasions. Often innocuous in their indigenous regions, many aquatic plant species have caused extreme ecological and economic consequences when introduced into nonindigenous habitats. Typically, aquatic plant invasions are unnoticed or overlooked until they are perceived as problematic. By then, plants are virtually impossible to eradicate and negative ecological impacts caused by their spread into natural communities are irreparable. We present criteria to facilitate decisions whether a species should be characterized as nonindigenous or invasive. Historical data are used to clarify methods of introduction, avenues and means of dispersal, and extent of invasiveness of the following aquatic plants in southern New England: Acorus calamus, Butomus umbellatus, Cabomba caroliniana, Callitriche stagnalis, Egeria densa, Hydrilla verticillata, Limnobium spongia, Marsilea quadrifolia, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Najas minor, Najas guadalupensis, Nasturtium officinale, Nymphoides peltata, Potamogeton crispus, Trapa natans and Veronica beccabunga.
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页码:281 / 300
页数:19
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