CHARACTERIZATION (CERTIFICATION) OF 3 WHEAT FLOURS AND A WHEAT GLUTEN REFERENCE MATERIAL (NIST-RM-8436, NIST-RM-8437, NIST-RM-8438 AND NIST-RM-8418) FOR ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC MAJOR, MINOR AND TRACE-ELEMENT CONSTITUENTS

Three wheat flours, Durum Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8436), Hard Red Spring Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8437), Soft Winter Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8438) and Wheat Gluten (NIST RM 8418) Reference Materials were characterized for essential and toxic major, minor and trace elemental composition by analysts in an interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign. Extensive application of widely varied analytical methods yielded 16 - 27 best estimate and 3 - 8 informational concentration values for each of these materials. These reference materials are intended for analytical quality control of element determinations in flour and flour products as well as other agricultural/food materials with related matrices.