EVOLUTION AS A SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICAL PHENOMENON

被引:190
作者
SNEPPEN, K
BAK, P
FLYVBJERG, H
JENSEN, MH
机构
[1] PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA
[2] BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA
[3] ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0EH, ENGLAND
[4] CONNECT, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
[5] FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, HLRZ, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY
关键词
MACROEVOLUTION; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM; SELF-ORGANIZATION; CRITICALITY;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.92.11.5209
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
We presents simple mathematical model of biological macroevolution. The model describes an ecology of adapting, interacting species. The environment of any given species is affected by other evolving species; hence, it is not constant in time. The ecology as a whole evolves to a ''self-organized critical'' state where periods of stasis alternate with avalanches of causally connected evolutionary changes. This characteristic behavior of natural history, known as ''punctuated equilibrium,'' thus finds a theoretical explanation as a self-organized critical phenomenon. The evolutionary behavior of single species is intermittent. Also, large bursts of apparently simultaneous evolutionary activity require no external cause. Extinctions of all sizes, including mass extinctions, may be a simple consequence of ecosystem dynamics. Our results are compared with data from the fossil record.
引用
收藏
页码:5209 / 5213
页数:5
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