FORCE RESPONSES TO RAPID LENGTH CHANGES IN SINGLE INTACT-CELLS FROM FROG-HEART

1. Force transients in response to step perturbations in length were recorded in intact atrial cells from frog heart at various temperatures (6-15-degrees-C). Length changes of various sizes and in either direction, complete in 0.5 ms, were applied to single myocytes near slack length (initial sarcomere length 2.1-2.2 mum) just before the peak of an isometric twitch. The frequency response of the force transducers used was 2-4 kHz in Ringer solution. 2. An early quick force recovery phase was clearly observed after the elastic force response to the length step and before the start of much slower recovery processes. The quick recovery phase became progressively faster with larger shortening steps and was almost as fast as that originally described in intact frog skeletal muscle fibres (rate constants above 1000 s-1 in large releases at 10-degrees-C). 3. The force-extension relation determined at the end of the length change (T1 curve) indicates that an instantaneous shortening of 0.5-0.6% of the initial cell length (L0) brings the force to zero. The force-extension relation determined at the end of the quick recovery phase (T2 curve) showed that the early recovery leads to an almost complete restoration of the original force with small stretches and releases (up to 0.3% L0) and that it becomes negligible in shortening steps of about 1.4% L0. 4. The results suggest that the mechanical properties of attached cross-bridges and the rate of transitions between attached cross-bridge states are approximately the same in frog atrial cells and fast skeletal muscle fibres. 5. The maximum velocity of shortening (V0) of frog atrial cells, determined at the peak of isometric twitches by the slack test, was 0.5-1.0 L0 s-1 at 6-degrees-C and increased with temperature with a temperature coefficient (Q10) higher than 3. The values of V0 found are much lower than those reported for frog skeletal muscle fibres at the same temperature. 6. The findings provide evidence for a single mechanism of force generation in striated muscle in spite of large differences in the maximum velocity of shortening.