STRUCTURE-FUNCTION AND BIOGENESIS OF THE TYPE-IV PILI

被引:364
作者
STROM, MS [1 ]
LORY, S [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT MICROBIOL, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA
关键词
TYPE-IV PILI; BIOGENESIS; PEPTIDASE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; REGULATION;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.mi.47.100193.003025
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Type IV pili are adhesins expressed by a number of diverse gram-negative microorganisms. These pili are related through similarities in the primary amino acid sequences of the structural subunits, a conserved assembly machinery, and a similar mechanism of transcriptional regulation. Type IV pilus assembly is preceded by proteolytic processing and N-methylation of the pilin polypeptide. This process is carried out by a novel bifunctional enzyme PilD, first identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, proteins homologous with type IV pilins have been shown to function in extracellular protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria and in transformation competence in gram-positive microorganisms. Like prepilin, these proteins are also processed and N-methylated by PilD. Transcription of the genes for type IV pilins is carried out by an RNA polymerase with a minor sigma factor, RpoN. In P. aeruginosa two other regulatory elements (PilS and PilR) are required for pilin expression. RpoN, but not PilS and PilR, is required for expression of a diverse set of bacterial genes. Therefore, regulation of synthesis and posttranslational modification and assembly of type IV pili serves as a useful model for a number of diverse biological processes in the bacterial cell.
引用
收藏
页码:565 / 596
页数:32
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