INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLES DIET AND THEIR SMOKING-HABITS - THE DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF BRITISH ADULTS

被引:184
作者
MARGETTS, BM
JACKSON, AA
机构
[1] Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton
来源
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL | 1993年 / 307卷 / 6916期
关键词
D O I
10.1136/bmj.307.6916.1381
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Objective-To compare diet, nutrient intakes, and biochemical measures between Design-Analysis of data collected in cross sectional survey conducted in 1986 and 1987. Subjects were recruited from electoral wards in England, Wales, and Scotland to reflect the regional distribution of the population. Subjects-2197 subjects (70% of those asked) aged between 16 and 64 undertook dietary assessment. Of these, 1842 subjects were considered to have kept a record typical of their usual dietary intake and had given data on smoking, and their results were analysed: 1224 non-smokers (631 men), 359 light smokers (166 men), and 259 heavy smokers (153 men). Main outcome measures-Differences in dietary, nutrient, and biochemical measures between non-smokers and smokers. Results-Smokers ate more white bread, sugar, cooked meat dishes, butter, and whole milk and less wholemeal bread, high fibre breakfast cereals, fruit, and carrots. Smokers had lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fat, protein, carbohydrate, fibre, iron, carotene, and ascorbic acid. Adjusting for other covariates did not substantially alter the pattern of intakes. At the same dietary intake of carotenoids smokers were more likely to have lower circulating serum beta carotene concentrations than non-smokers. Conclusions-The diet and nutrient intakes and circulating levels of nutrients of smokers were different from those of non-smokers. Smokers were more likely to have an imbalance between the dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the metabolic demand for antioxidant protection. This imbalance is likely to make smokers more susceptible to oxidative damage. Smokers are at increased risk of chronic disease because their diets are different and because smoking creates an altered pattern of demand for specific nutrients. The diets of smokers not only fail to meet the unusual requirements for specific nutrients to satisfy the altered pattern of demand but are likely to exacerbate the damage caused by smoking.
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页码:1381 / 1384
页数:4
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