In the past 6 years, molecular and genetic studies of plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMHA) have been achieved to elucidate the relation between its gene structure and the expression of the gene. The reconstitution technique is a useful tool, so that functional reconstitution of the PMHA into liposomes has been successfully carried out to directly demonstrate the function of the membrane protein. During purification and reconstitution, PMHA activity and proton pumping were found to be regulated by phospholipids. This review summarizes currently available information concerning the physiological functions, molecular genetics, enzyme structure and functional reconstitution of the plant PMHA.