Toll-Like Receptors in Ischaemia and Its Potential Role in the Pathophysiology of Muscle Damage in Critical Limb Ischaemia

被引:31
作者
Patel, Hemanshu [1 ]
Shaw, Sidney G. [2 ]
Shi-Wen, Xu [3 ]
Abraham, David [3 ]
Baker, Daryll M. [1 ]
Tsui, Janice C. S. [1 ]
机构
[1] UCL, Div Surg & Intervent Sci, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2QG, England
[2] Univ Bern, Dept Clin Expt Res, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
[3] UCL, Ctr Rheumatol & Connect Tissue Dis, London NW3 2QG, England
关键词
D O I
10.1155/2012/121237
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors of the innate immune system which are expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. They are activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and endogenous ligands. Activation of TLRs culminates in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and apoptosis. Ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are associated with significant inflammation and tissue damage. There is emerging evidence to suggest that TLRs are involved in mediating ischaemia-induced damage in several organs. Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is associated with skeletalmuscle damage and tissue loss; however its pathophysiology is poorly understood. This paper will underline the evidence implicating TLRs in the pathophysiology of cerebral, renal, hepatic, myocardial, and skeletal muscle ischaemia and I/R injury and discuss preliminary data that alludes to the potential role of TLRs in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle damage in CLI.
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页数:13
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