Effect of 7-day daily replacement of culture medium containing Eurycoma longifolia Jack constituents on the Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum isolates

Six Malaysian chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates were cultured in vitro following the candle-jar method. Antimalarial evaluations of daily replacement of culture medium containing chloroquine and a semi-purified extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (containing 13 beta,18-dihydroeurycomanol (1), eurycomanol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), eurycomanol (3) and eurycomanone (4)) were performed on 6-well plates at 37 degrees C for a week. Presence or absence of the parasites was determined microscopically on thin-film Giemsa-stained preparations. Results showed that the antimalarial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack was dose-dependent and reached a maximum of < 50% at 0.07-5.00 mu g ml(-1) after 1 day post-treatment. However, complete inhibitions were observed at 1.25-5.00 mu g ml(-1) extract after 3 days post-treatment and 0.62 and 0.31 mu g ml(-1) after 4 and 6 days post-treatment, respectively. Further results indicated that chloroquine exhibited total inhibition at concentrations > 2.50 and 0.62 mu g ml(-1) after 1 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively and at all concentrations after 3 days post-treatment.